E1964 References & Copyright Attributions [Working Progress]

1. Ambler, C. (1990). Alcohol, racial segregation, and popular politics in Northern Rhodesia. The Journal of African History, 31(2), 295–313. https://www.jstor.org/stable/182770

2. Bank of Zambia. (n.d.). About us: Background. Retrieved June 8, 2026, from https://www.boz.zm/about-us/background

3. Bankers Association of Zambia. (n.d.). History. Retrieved May 5, 2026, from https://baz.co.zm/history/

4. Bull, M. M. (2014). Reserved area: Barotseland of the 1964 Agreement. Zambia Social Science Journal, 5(1), Article 4. https://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/zssj/vol5/iss1/4

5. Bwalya, M. (2001). A theological-ethical framework for economic development: The case of Zambia [Doctoral dissertation, University of Pretoria]. University of Pretoria Institutional Repository. https://repository.up.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/29373ba5-d4ee-485c-ba95-3e4cb8f4c2fa/content

6. Chabu, G. (2015). Recruitment and promotion practices in the Zambia Police Service from 1964 to 2009 [Master’s thesis, University of Zambia]. UNZA DSpace Institutional Repository. https://dspace.unza.zm/items/d4566eed-950c-412a-bc6f-e6c49fbfcdaa

7. Chapoto, A., Zulu-Mbata, O., Hoffman, B. D., Kabaghe, C., Sitko, N. J., Kuteya, A., & Zulu, B. (2016). The politics of maize in Zambia: Who holds the keys to change the status quo? Zambia Social Science Journal, 6(2), Article 4. https://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/zssj/vol6/iss2/4

8. Choongo, C. (2015). Decolonizing Southern Africa: A history of Zambia’s role in Zimbabwe’s liberation struggle, 1964–1979 [Doctoral dissertation, University of Pretoria]. University of Pretoria Institutional Repository. https://repository.up.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/9ce50c13-8148-486f-a917-f0a26492d906/content

9. CUTS Lusaka (Consumer Unity & Trust Society). (2017). CCPC fines Zambia Sugar for unfair pricing. Consumer Watch (August–October 2017). https://cuts-lusaka.org/pdf/Consumer_Watch-Aug-Oct2017.pdf

10. DeRoche, A. (2016). Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa. Bloomsbury Publishing.

11. Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the United Republic of Tanzania. (2012, April 11). TAZARA. https://tz.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/ddbd/201204/t20120411_6094282.htm

12. For pleasure and profit: Sex work in Zambia, c. 1880–1964. (n.d.).

13. Fundanga, C. M. (2004, September 8). Achievements and accomplishments at the Bank of Zambia during the past forty years [Speech transcript]. Bank for International Settlements. https://www.bis.org/review/r040908e.pdf

14. Gewald, J. B., Hinfelaar, M., & Macola, G. (Eds.). (2008). One Zambia, many histories: Towards a history of post-colonial Zambia. Brill. https://hdl.handle.net/1887/20391

15. GlobalSecurity.org. (n.d.). Zambia – Army. Retrieved July 4, 2026, from https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/africa/zm-army.htm

16. Hanjra, M. A., & Culas, R. J. (2011). The political economy of maize production and poverty reduction in Zambia: Analysis of the last 50 years. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 46(6). https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909611402161

17. Harkema, R. C. (1972, April). The production and geographical distribution of tobacco in Zambia (Rev. No. 10, pp. 51–64). https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA19376812_199

18. Hoover, E. L., Piper, J. C., & Spalding, F. O. (2013). The evolution of the Zambian courts system. In Law in Zambia (Chapter 2). Southern African Institute for Policy and Research (SAIPAR). https://www.saipar.org/assets/files/CHP_02_Law_in_Zambia.pdf

19. Kalinga, O. (2005). Independence negotiations in Nyasaland and Northern Rhodesia. International Negotiation, 10(2), 235–262. https://doi.org/10.1163/1571806054741001

20. Kamukwamba, M. (2020). The dilemma of capital investment in a bi-national organisation: A case study of Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA). China-USA Business Review, 19(3), 73–81. https://doi.org/10.17265/1537-1514/2020.03.002

21. Kongwa, S. (1987). Zambia’s relations with South Africa. https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA02562804_828

22. Larmer, M. (2005). Unrealistic expectations? Zambia’s mineworkers from independence to the one-party state, 1964–1972. Journal of Historical Sociology, 18, 318–352. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6443.2005.00260.x

23. Lindemann, S. (2010). Civilian control of the military (Development as State-Making, Working Paper No. 80.2). London School of Economics, Crisis States Research Centre. https://www.lse.ac.uk/international-development/Assets/Documents/PDFs/csrc-working-papers-phase-two/wp80.2-civilian-control-of-the-military.pdf

24. Mbangweta, P. (2012). The role of the private media in Zambian society: Cases of Radio Phoenix, Hot FM and Q-FM [Master’s thesis, University of Zambia]. UNZA DSpace Institutional Repository. https://dspace.unza.zm/server/api/core/bitstreams/e8e75be3-7d11-4f9e-8f64-b3f628fb5f50/content

25. Moono, E. (2016). Regional and ethnic politics: A historical study of party politics in Zambia, 1948 to 2011 [Master’s thesis, University of Zambia]. UNZA DSpace Institutional Repository. https://dspace.unza.zm/server/api/core/bitstreams/2cabc007-ac39-4785-8c69-a17c1e27f9f3/content

26. Muguti, T., & Swart, S. (2024). ‘A necessary evil?’: (Southern) Rhodesia’s diplomatic and economic relations with Zambia, 1963 to 1973. Journal of Southern African Studies, 50(2), 331–346. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2024.2408982

27. Mulenga, F. (2017). Crises of expectations: Workers’ struggles in Zambia, 1964–2011. https://www.academia.edu/113537369/Crises_of_Expectations_Workers_Struggles_In_Zambia_1964_2011

28. Mulford, D. C. (1967). Zambia: The politics of independence, 1957–1964. Oxford University Press.

29. Mwase, N. (1983). The Tanzania–Zambia Railway: The Chinese loan and the pre-investment analysis revisited. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 21(3), 535–543. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X00023557

30. NASA. (n.d.). Ranger 7 snaps the moon. Retrieved June 26, 2026, from https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/ranger-7-snaps-the-moon/

31. Ndulo, M. (1987). Mining rights in Zambia. Kenneth Kaunda Foundation; Southern African Institute for Policy and Research (SAIPAR). https://www.saipar.org/assets/files/Mining-Rights-in-Zambia.pdf

32. Ndulo, M. B., & Kent, R. B. (1996). Constitutionalism in Zambia: Past, present and future. Journal of African Law, 40(2), 256–278. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021855300007816

33. Northern Rhodesia (Zambia) white paper on British South Africa Company’s claims to mineral royalties (Concession Agreements; Succession of States). (1964). International Legal Materials, 3(6), 1133–1170. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20689848

34. Obed, M. (2022). Upgrade of rail infrastructure as a solution to Zambia economic growth: A case of Tanzania–Zambia Railway line. International Journal of Recent Research in Thesis and Dissertation, 3(2), 95–109. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6992448

35. Permanent Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations. (1964, October 8). Letter addressed to the Secretary-General (UN Doc. A/5739). United Nations General Assembly. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/845205/files/A_5739-EN.pdf

36. Personal Levy Act, Laws of Zambia, National Assembly of Zambia. Source: https://www.parliament.gov.zm/sites/default/files/documents/acts/Personal%20Levy%20Act.pdf.

37. Phiri, B. J. (n.d.). Civilian control of the Zambian military since independence and its implications for democracy. Institute for Security Studies (ISS). https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/OURSELVESPHIRI.PDF

38. Phiri, C. (2024). A review of Import Substitution Industrialisation (ISI) policy in selected industries in Zambia, 1964–1991. Zambia Journal of History, 11(1), 48–66. https://journals.unza.zm/index.php/zjh/article/download/1374/967/

39. Republic of Zambia. (n.d.). Personal Levy Act. Laws of Zambia, National Assembly of Zambia. https://www.parliament.gov.zm/sites/default/files/documents/acts/Personal%20Levy%20Act.pdf

40. Republic of Zambia. (n.d.). Traditional Beer (Levy) Act. Laws of Zambia, National Assembly of Zambia. https://www.parliament.gov.zm/sites/default/files/documents/acts/Traditional%20Beer%20(Levy)%20Act.pdf

41. Republic of Zambia. (n.d.). Zambia Youth Service Act. Laws of Zambia, National Assembly of Zambia. https://www.parliament.gov.zm/sites/default/files/documents/acts/Zambia%20Youth%20Service%20Act.pdf

42. Rusike, J., & Donovan, P. A. (1996). The evolution of the maize seed industry in Zambia. Development Southern Africa, 13(1), 109–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/03768359608439878

43. Samungole, J. T. (2020). The history of Zambia Congress of Trade Unions, 1964–2011 [Thesis, University of Zambia]. UNZA DSpace Institutional Repository. https://dspace.unza.zm/server/api/core/bitstreams/3870d473-f50f-4e85-85e7-c04d45e6a93a/content

44. Scarritt, J. R., & Nkiwane, S. M. (1996). Friends, neighbors, and former enemies: The evolution of Zambia-Zimbabwe relations in a changing regional context. Africa Today, 43(1), 7–31. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4187079

45. Seekings, J., & Tembo, A. (2022). (IDCPPA Working Paper No. 28). Institute for Democracy, Citizenship and Public Policy in Africa. https://humanities.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/content_migration/humanities_uct_ac_za/1380/files/IDCPPA.WP28.SeekingsTembo.pdf

46. Smith, C. A. (2014). Zambia: Conflict and co-operation in Southern Africa, 1964–1988 [Master’s thesis, University of Johannesburg]. UJ Institutional Repository. https://ujcontent.uj.ac.za/esploro/outputs/9913528607691

47. Songiso, M. (2012). Zambia’s role in Southern Africa: A re-interpretation [Master’s thesis, University of Zambia]. UNZA DSpace Institutional Repository. https://dspace.unza.zm/items/67379551-fd7e-463b-989d-d2c6f0abaee5

48. TAZARA (Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority). (n.d.). Our history. Retrieved June 20, 2026, from https://www.tazarasite.com/our-history

49. The Nobel Prize. (n.d.). Martin Luther King Jr. – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Retrieved May 24, 2026, from https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1964/king/facts/

50. Tordoff, W. (1974). Politics in Zambia. University of California Press. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520320178

51. Traditional Beer (Levy) Act, Laws of Zambia, National Assembly of Zambia. Source: https://www.parliament.gov.zm/sites/default/files/documents/acts/Traditional%20Beer%20(Levy)%20Act.pdf.

52. U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian. (1968). Foreign relations of the United States, 1964–1968 (Vol. XXIV, Africa, Document 465). https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v24/d465

53. U.S. Public Health Service, Surgeon General’s Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health. (1964). Smoking and health: Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service. U.S. Government Printing Office. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-SMOKINGANDHEALTH/pdf/GPO-SMOKINGANDHEALTH.pdf

54. United Kingdom House of Commons. (1964, July 7). Zambia Independence Bill [Hansard debate]. https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/1964-07-07/debates/4d6e8d59-433a-4428-b79d-25f371063ef9/ZambiaIndependenceBill

55. United Kingdom. (1964). Zambia Independence Act 1964, c. 65 [PDF]. legislation.gov.uk. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1964/65/pdfs/ukpga_19640065_en.pdf

56. United Kingdom. (1964). Zambia Independence Act 1964, c. 65. legislation.gov.uk. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1964/65/introduction/enacted/data.xht?view=snippet&wrap=true

57. Wolfe, A. W. (1970). Tanzania-Zambia Railway: Escape route from neocolonial control? Anthropology Faculty Publications, 10. https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/ant_facpub/10

58. World Bank. (1968). Current economic position and prospects of Zambia (Africa Department report). https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/870761468344035176/pdf/multi0page.pdf

59. World Bank. (n.d.). GDP (constant 2015 US$) – Zambia [Data set]. World Bank Open Data. Retrieved June 18, 2026, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD?locations=ZM

60. Yu, G. T. (1971). Working on the railroad: China and the Tanzania-Zambia Railway. Asian Survey, 11(11), 1101–1117. https://doi.org/10.2307/2642892

61. Zambia Air Services Training Institute. (n.d.). About. Retrieved May 30, 2026, from https://zasti.ac.zm/about.php

62. Zambia Tourism Agency. (n.d.). Kitwe, Copperbelt. Retrieved May 23, 2026, from https://www.zambiatourism.com/towns/copperbelt/kitwe/

63. Zambian History. (n.d.). TAZARA Railway. Retrieved July 4, 2026, from https://www.zambianhistory.com/tazara-railway

64. Zimba, L. (n.d.). The origins and spread of one-party states in Commonwealth Africa, their impact on personal liberties: A case study of the Zambian model. In Law in Zambia (Chapter 5). Southern African Institute for Policy and Research (SAIPAR). https://www.saipar.org/assets/files/CHP_05_Law_in_Zambia.pdf

65. 1964 Arab League summit (Cairo). (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved July 2, 2026, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Arab_League_summit_(Cairo)

66. 1964 Northern Rhodesian general election. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved May 24, 2026, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Northern_Rhodesian_general_election

67. British South Africa Company. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved July 2, 2026, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_South_Africa_Company

68. Bugesera invasion. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved July 12, 2026, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugesera_invasion

69. Coat of arms of Zambia. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved July 2, 2026, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Zambia

70. Cyprus problem. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus_problem

71. East African Federation. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved May 1, 2026, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_African_Federation

72. Filemon Mataka. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved May 7, 2026, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filemon_Mataka

73. Flag of Zambia. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved May 17, 2026, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Zambia

74. Gabriel Ellison. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved July 1, 2026, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Ellison

75. History of Malawi. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved July 11, 2026, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Malawi

76. Israeli–Palestinian conflict. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved July 9, 2026, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict

77. Luna E-6 No.6. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 8, 2026, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_E-6_No.6

78. Moïse Tshombe. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 19, 2026, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C3%AFse_Tshombe

79. Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved May 25, 2026, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nkosi_Sikelel%27_iAfrika

80. Northern Rhodesia Regiment. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved May 23, 2026, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Rhodesia_Regiment

81. Postal order. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 11, 2026, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postal_order

82. President of Zambia. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 5, 2026, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Zambia

83. Project 596. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved May 31, 2026, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_596

84. South Africa–Zambia relations. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 4, 2026, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa%E2%80%93Zambia_relations

85. Stand and sing of Zambia, proud and free. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved May 13, 2026, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stand_and_Sing_of_Zambia,_Proud_and_Free

86. Tanganyika (1961–1964). (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved May 12, 2026, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanganyika_(1961%E2%80%931964)

87. TAZARA Railway. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 26, 2026, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TAZARA_Railway

88. Zambia Airways. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 3, 2026, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia_Airways

89. Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved July 5, 2026, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia_National_Broadcasting_Corporation

90. Zambia National Service. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved July 10, 2026, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia_National_Service

91. Zambia Sugar. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 19, 2026, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia_Sugar

92. Zambia. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved May 2, 2026, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia

93. Zambian Railways. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 3, 2026, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambian_Railways

94. Zanzibar Revolution. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved May 28, 2026, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanzibar_Revolution

95. British International Investment logo, via Wikimedia Commons. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_International_Investment#/media/File:British_International_Investment.png.

96. Chiefs Act, Laws of Zambia, National Assembly of Zambia (screenshot). Source: https://www.parliament.gov.zm/sites/default/files/documents/acts/Chiefs%20Act.pdf.

97. China’s first atomic bomb test, 16 October 1964 (Project 596), courtesy of Xinhua News Agency / Chinese state media, via Wikimedia Commons. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_596#/media/File:1965-01_1964%E5%B9%B4_%E9%A6%96%E6%AC%A1%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BC%B9%E7%88%86%E7%82%B83.jpg.

98. Coat of arms of Northern Rhodesia (1939–1964), via Wikimedia Commons. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Rhodesia#/media/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Northern_Rhodesia_(1939%E2%80%931964).svg.

99. Coat of arms of Zambia, Government of Zambia, via Wikimedia Commons. Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Coat_of_arms_of_Zambia.svg.

100. Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (CCPC) Zambia logo, official website, published by the CCPC. Source: https://www.ccpc.org.zm/.

101. Constitution of Zambia, 1964 (screenshot), via worldstatesmen.org. Source: https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Constitution-Zambia1964.pdf.

102. Currency of Zambia – 10 Shillings note, via worldbanknotescoins.com. Source: https://www.worldbanknotescoins.com/2011/03/currency-of-zambia-10-shillings.html.

103. East African Federation (orthographic projection) proposed – 1963, via Wikimedia Commons. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_African_Federation#/media/File:East_African_Federation_(orthographic_projection)_proposed_-_1963.png.

104. Evelyn Hone, screenshot from “Members of Parliament of Zambia 1924–2021, First Edition” (March 2021), National Assembly of Zambia. Source: https://www.parliament.gov.zm/sites/default/files/images/publication_docs/Members%20of%20Parliament%20of%20Zambia%201924-2021%20First%20Edition%20March%202021._2.pdf.

105. Flag of Northern Rhodesia (1939–1964), via Wikimedia Commons. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Rhodesia#/media/File:Flag_of_Northern_Rhodesia_(1939%E2%80%931964).svg.

106. Flag of the British South Africa Company, via Wikimedia Commons. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_South_Africa_Company#/media/File:Flag_of_the_British_South_Africa_Company.svg.

107. Harry Mwaanga Nkumbula, screenshot from “Members of Parliament of Zambia 1924–2021, First Edition” (March 2021), National Assembly of Zambia. Source: https://www.parliament.gov.zm/sites/default/files/images/publication_docs/Members%20of%20Parliament%20of%20Zambia%201924-2021%20First%20Edition%20March%202021._2.pdf.

108. Houses of Parliament in 2022 (cropped) by Terry Ott, CC BY 2.0 (Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic), via Wikimedia Commons, originally posted to Flickr. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster#/media/File:Houses_of_Parliament_in_2022_(cropped).jpg.

109. Hubert Winthrop Young (portrait), via Wikimedia Commons. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Winthrop_Young#/media/File:Hubert_Winthrop_Young.jpg.

110. Illovo Sugar Africa logo, via Wikimedia Commons. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illovo_Sugar#/media/File:ILLOVO_SUGAR_AFRICA_logo.png.

111. John Moffat, screenshot from “Members of Parliament of Zambia 1924–2021, First Edition” (March 2021), National Assembly of Zambia. Source: https://www.parliament.gov.zm/sites/default/files/images/publication_docs/Members%20of%20Parliament%20of%20Zambia%201924-2021%20First%20Edition%20March%202021._2.pdf.

112. Judiciary of Zambia logo, official website, published by the Judiciary of Zambia. Source: https://judiciaryzambia.com/.

113. Kenneth David Kaunda (portrait photograph), via Wikimedia Commons / Wikipedia. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Kaunda#/media/File:Kenneth_David_Kaunda.jpg.

114. Kwame Nkrumah Portrait, The National Archives UK by The National Archives UK, Open Government Licence v1.0 (OGL), via Wikimedia Commons. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kwame_Nkrumah_Portrait,_The_National_Archives_UK.jpg.

115. Logo Central African Airways, via Wikimedia Commons. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_African_Airways#/media/File:Logo_Central_African_Airways.svg.

116. Lusaka Stock Exchange Logo, via Wikimedia Commons. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka_Securities_Exchange#/media/File:LUSAKA_STOCK_EXCHANGE_LOGO_2.png.

117. Mainza Chona, screenshot from “Members of Parliament of Zambia 1924–2021, First Edition” (March 2021), National Assembly of Zambia. Source: https://www.parliament.gov.zm/sites/default/files/images/publication_docs/Members%20of%20Parliament%20of%20Zambia%201924-2021%20First%20Edition%20March%202021._2.pdf.

118. Moïse Tshombe arrive à Toulouse (1963) – 53Fi5440 (cropped), courtesy of the Archives municipales de Toulouse (photo ref. 53Fi5440), via Wikimedia Commons. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C3%AFse_Tshombe#/media/File:26.2.63._Mo%C3%AFse_Tshombe_arrive_%C3%A0_Toulouse_(1963)_-_53Fi5440_(cropped).jpg.

119. Nikita S. Khrushchev, “1956 Press Photo: Communist Party Secretary Nikita S. Khrushchev in Moscow” (cropped), United Press International (UPI), via Wikimedia Commons. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev#/media/File:1956_Press_Photo_Communist_Party_Secretary_Nikita_S._Khrushchev_in_Moscow_(cropped).jpg.

120. Northern Rhodesia Regiment crest, via Wikimedia Commons. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Rhodesia_Regiment#/media/File:Northern_Rhodesia_Regiment_crest.jpg.

121. President Nyerere van Tanzania, koppen – Bestanddeelnr 928-2879 (cropped) by Rob Mieremet / Anefo, courtesy of the Nationaal Archief (Dutch National Archives), via Wikimedia Commons. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Nyerere#/media/File:President_Nyerere_van_Tanzania,_koppen,_Bestanddeelnr_928-2879_(cropped).jpg.

122. Ranger 7, “The Ranger Spacecraft” (GPN-2000-001979), courtesy of NASA / Jet Propulsion Laboratory, via Wikimedia Commons. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranger_7#/media/File:The_Ranger_Spacecraft_GPN-2000-001979.jpg.

123. Reuters logo (2024), © Reuters / Thomson Reuters, via Wikimedia Commons. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters#/media/File:Reuters_logo_2024.svg.

124. Révolte des esclaves contre les armées envoyées par Napoléon Bonaparte lors de l’expédition de Saint-Domingue entre 1801 et 1803, an anonymous 19th-century engraving, via Wikimedia Commons. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haitian_Revolution#/media/File:R%C3%A9volte_des_esclaves_contre_les_arm%C3%A9es_envoy%C3%A9es_par_Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte_lors_de_l’exp%C3%A9dition_de_Saint-Domingue_entre_1801_et_1803._Gravure_du_XIXe_si%C3%A8cle.jpg.

125. Smoking and Health: Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service. Archival image, courtesy of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM) Digital Collections. Source: https://iiif.nlm.nih.gov/iiif/2/nlm:nlmuid-101584932X814-img/full/3361,/0/default.jpg.

126. Southern Africa highlighting Zambia and South Africa, modified from “Southern-Africa.svg,” a regional map, via Wikimedia Commons. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Africa#/media/File:Southern-Africa.svg.

127. Southern Africa highlighting Zambia and Southern Rhodesia, modified from “Southern-Africa.svg,” a regional map, via Wikimedia Commons. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Africa#/media/File:Southern-Africa.svg.

128. Tanzania Zanzibar locations modified from “Tanzania Zanzibar Location Map,” via Wikimedia Commons. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanzibar#/media/File:Tanzania_Zanzibar_location_map.svg.

129. Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA) logo, official website, published by TAZARA. Source: https://www.tazarasite.com/.

130. Tate & Lyle new logo 2023, © Tate & Lyle PLC, via Wikimedia Commons. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tate_%26_Lyle#/media/File:Tate_%26_Lyle_new_logo_2023.png.

131. The Rhodes Colossus by Edward Linley Sambourne, published in Punch magazine, 1892, via Wikimedia Commons. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_to_Cairo_Railway#/media/File:Punch_Rhodes_Colossus.png.

132. The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam, via Wikimedia Commons. Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/The_way_to_Zambia_through_Kariba_Dam.jpg.

133. United Kingdom Public General Act 1964 c.65, © Crown copyright, via legislation.gov.uk. Source: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1964/65/enacted.

134. United Nations emblem (blue), © United Nations, via Wikimedia Commons. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#/media/File:UN_emblem_blue.svg.

135. University of Zambia logo, via Wikimedia Commons. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Zambia#/media/File:University_of_Zambia_logo.jpg.

136. Zambia Air Services Training Institute (ZASTI) logo, official website, published by ZASTI. Source: https://zasti.ac.zm/index.php.

137. Zambia Airways Boeing 737-200, via Wikimedia Commons. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia_Airways#/media/File:Zambia_Airways_Boeing_737-200_Hoppe.jpg.

138. Zambia Banknotes – 1 Pound note of 1964, via worldbanknotescoins.com. Source: https://www.worldbanknotescoins.com/2011/11/zambia-banknotes-1-pound-note-of-1964.html.

139. Zambia Banknotes – 5 Pounds banknote, via worldbanknotescoins.com. Source: https://www.worldbanknotescoins.com/2011/11/zambia-banknotes-5-pounds-banknote-of.html.

140. Zambia Congress of Trade Unions (ZCTU) logo, official website, published by ZCTU. Source: https://zctu.org/.

141. Zambia Sugar Plc Logo, via Wikimedia Commons. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia_Sugar#/media/File:Zambia_Sugar_Plc_Logo.png.

142. Africa-Press. (n.d.). History: The construction of the turn-key development project, the TAZARA Railway. Retrieved May 13, 2026, from https://www.africa-press.net/zambia/all-news/history-the-construction-of-the-turn-key-development-project-the-tazara-railway

143. Lusaka Times. (2017, November 2). Esther Lungu Foundation Trust rekindles ADH’s hope. https://www.lusakatimes.com/2017/11/02/esther-lungu-foundation-trust-rekindles-adhs-hope/

144. Lusaka Times. (2023, May 23). Zambia’s railway infrastructure must be upgraded before introducing electric trains – Minister of Transport. https://www.lusakatimes.com/2023/05/23/zambias-railway-infrastructure-must-be-upgraded-before-introducing-electric-trains-minister-of-transport/

145. Northern News (Ndola, Northern Rhodesia), 24 January 1964. Photographed from bound volumes held at the National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka (access fee paid).

146. Northern News. (1964). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

147. Northern News. (1964). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

148. Northern News. (1964, April 10). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

149. Northern News. (1964, April 11). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

150. Northern News. (1964, April 15). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

151. Northern News. (1964, April 22). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

152. Northern News. (1964, April 23). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

153. Northern News. (1964, April 29). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

154. Northern News. (1964, April 4). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

155. Northern News. (1964, April 6). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

156. Northern News. (1964, April 9). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

157. Northern News. (1964, August 13). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

158. Northern News. (1964, August 19). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

159. Northern News. (1964, August 24). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

160. Northern News. (1964, August 3). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

161. Northern News. (1964, August 7). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

162. Northern News. (1964, August 9). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

163. Northern News. (1964, December 10). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

164. Northern News. (1964, December 12). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

165. Northern News. (1964, December 15). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

166. Northern News. (1964, December 2). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

167. Northern News. (1964, December 21). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

168. Northern News. (1964, December 4). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

169. Northern News. (1964, February 1). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

170. Northern News. (1964, February 10). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

171. Northern News. (1964, February 12). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

172. Northern News. (1964, February 15). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

173. Northern News. (1964, February 18). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

174. Northern News. (1964, February 20). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

175. Northern News. (1964, February 21). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

176. Northern News. (1964, February 24). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

177. Northern News. (1964, February 3). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

178. Northern News. (1964, February 4). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

179. Northern News. (1964, February 5). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

180. Northern News. (1964, February 6). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

181. Northern News. (1964, February 7). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

182. Northern News. (1964, February 8). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

183. Northern News. (1964, January 10). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

184. Northern News. (1964, January 11). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

185. Northern News. (1964, January 13). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

186. Northern News. (1964, January 16). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

187. Northern News. (1964, January 18). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

188. Northern News. (1964, January 22). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

189. Northern News. (1964, January 27). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

190. Northern News. (1964, January 28). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

191. Northern News. (1964, January 3). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

192. Northern News. (1964, January 30). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

193. Northern News. (1964, January 4). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

194. Northern News. (1964, January 5). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

195. Northern News. (1964, January 6). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

196. Northern News. (1964, January 7). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

197. Northern News. (1964, January 8). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

198. Northern News. (1964, July 1). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

199. Northern News. (1964, July 17). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

200. Northern News. (1964, July 21). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

201. Northern News. (1964, July 27). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

202. Northern News. (1964, July 29). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

203. Northern News. (1964, July 6). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

204. Northern News. (1964, June 1). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

205. Northern News. (1964, June 19). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

206. Northern News. (1964, June 4). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

207. Northern News. (1964, June 5). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

208. Northern News. (1964, March 10). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

209. Northern News. (1964, March 13). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

210. Northern News. (1964, March 14). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

211. Northern News. (1964, March 19). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

212. Northern News. (1964, March 20). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

213. Northern News. (1964, March 27). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

214. Northern News. (1964, March 4). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

215. Northern News. (1964, March 5). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

216. Northern News. (1964, March 7). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

217. Northern News. (1964, May 12). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

218. Northern News. (1964, May 13). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

219. Northern News. (1964, May 14). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

220. Northern News. (1964, May 18). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

221. Northern News. (1964, May 28). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

222. Northern News. (1964, May 6). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

223. Northern News. (1964, May 8). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

224. Northern News. (1964, November 14). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

225. Northern News. (1964, November 16). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

226. Northern News. (1964, November 19). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

227. Northern News. (1964, November 2). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

228. Northern News. (1964, November 23). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

229. Northern News. (1964, November 24). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

230. Northern News. (1964, November 30). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

231. Northern News. (1964, November 4). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

232. Northern News. (1964, November 9). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

233. Northern News. (1964, October 10). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

234. Northern News. (1964, October 12). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

235. Northern News. (1964, October 15). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

236. Northern News. (1964, October 19). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

237. Northern News. (1964, October 2). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

238. Northern News. (1964, October 21). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

239. Northern News. (1964, October 26). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

240. Northern News. (1964, October 28). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

241. Northern News. (1964, October 3). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

242. Northern News. (1964, October 31). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

243. Northern News. (1964, September 18). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

244. Northern News. (1964, September 26). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

245. Northern News. (1964, September 9). Bound volumes, National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka.

246. The New York Times. (1964, November 15). U.N. money issue. https://www.nytimes.com/1964/11/15/archives/un-money-issue.html 247. Zambian Observer. (n.d.). How Simon Mwansa Kapwepwe coined the name Zambia. Retrieved June 15, 2026, from https://zambianobserver.com/how-simon-mwansa-kapwepwe-coined-the-name-zambia/